Breaking the Sound of Silence: Explication in the Use of Strategic Silence in Crisis Communication

Augustine Pang, Yan Jin, Youngii Seo (PhD Alum), Sung In Choi (PhD Candidate), Hui-Xun Teo, Phuong D. Le, and Bryan Reber, International Journal of Business Communication 2023 “Outstanding Article” Award, Association for Business Communication for "Breaking the Sound of Silence: Explication in the Use of Strategic Silence in Crisis Communication,” International Journal of Business Communication, 59(2),2022, 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294884211046357

Abstract: Crises present organizations with the “rhetorical exigency” to enact control. Silence is not an option. This study, as the first empirical examination of Le et al.’s (2019) seminal study on silence in crisis communication, examines, first, if silence can be strategically used as a bona fide strategy; second, under what circumstances should silence be broken; and third, when silence is broken, how it affects (a) organizational reputation, (b) societal risk perception, and (c) the publics’ crisis information sharing intention. An online experiment was conducted using a nationally representative sample in the United States. Participants were recruited in 2019 via a Qualtrics panel. The stimuli used in this study consisted of two components: (1) an explanation about a fictitious company; and (2) two types of silence breaking (forced vs. planned) embedded in each stimulus accordingly after the same crisis incident. Four hypotheses were conceptualized. They were all supported. Collectively, they showed that the effect of silence-breaking type on crisis information sharing intention was mediated by societal risk perception, which is conditioned by participants’ level of perceived organizational reputation. Silence, or failure to fill the information vacuum, has not been an option to consider thus far as it suggests the organization is “not in control.” However, this study suggests the types of silence organizations can adopt and the modes the organizational silence can be broken. It provides a new lens for organizations to engage in business communication.